In Who Pays for Tariffs Along the Supply Chain? Evidence from European Wine Tariffs (NBER Working Paper 34392), Aaron B. Flaaen, Ali Hortaçsu, Felix Tintelnot, Nicolás Urdaneta, and Daniel Xu examine how tariff costs propagate through each stage of the wine distribution chain. The researchers trace price changes from foreign producers to US importers, to distributors, and finally to retail consumers.
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